Great Gatsby, The free essay sample

Examines characters, plot, theme of cultural corruption deception of the American Dream. The Great Gatsby In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays Jay Gatsby as a somewhat sympathetic yet wholly corrupted rendering of the American Dream. Nothing about Gatsby is what it appears to be and the foundation on which his life is based at the time we meet him is a ladder of lies. However, Gatsby is merely the central focus of an entire world composed of people just as corrupted as he, in the sense that these people practice an intriguing and dangerous blend of casual honesty versus intimate dishonesty. One of Gatsbys greatest errors is his failure to realize that the people with whom he surrounds himself practice this blend of honesty and dishonesty for the specific purpose of maintaining the status quo. Gatsby, on the other hand, has..

Free Essays on Gangsters In The 1920’s

Gangsters in The 1920’s The twenties was a time of change in the Untied States. One of the changes the occurred was prohibition. Alcohol was part of America's culture and its people did not want to stop drinking. Prohibition forced open the country's doors to the most ruthlessly resourceful and crooked entrepreneurs: The Mob. Realizing there was a demand for alcohol, organized crime factions began making their own beer and liquor (booze, bathtub gin). Many oversaw the transportation of illegal liquor from across the Canadian border. Gangs were tolerated in the beginning by the general public because of this service they provided, but they were not ready for the consequences that they provided as well. Gangsters were involved in bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, organized crime, and racketeering. Al Capone, Bonnie and Clyde, and John Dillinger were some of the big names involved in this era. Being a gangster was a very risky job but it provided substantial rewards for a nation dying to spend money and also during a time when jobs were scarce in the middle of a depression (in the 30’s). When Congress passed the eighteenth amendment, alcohol was banned in every way from America. People who were addicted to alcohol and even those who were accustomed to the casual drink still had a demand for it. Many would pay top dollar for booze; they didn’t think obtaining alcohol was morally wrong as it was legal just a few years back. Citizens would hold hush-hush socials and would serve alcohol to all of the company; this was usually done by the wealthy because of the high cost of alcohol. This create opportunities for those prepared to gamble and bootleg illegal alcohol to the country. Accumulating large amounts of money, greed began to grow. They continued to venture into other areas were the general public like to indulge themselves. These gangsters began to open speakeasies, which were like old west taverns with prostitution, g... Free Essays on Gangsters In The 1920’s Free Essays on Gangsters In The 1920’s Gangsters in The 1920’s The twenties was a time of change in the Untied States. One of the changes the occurred was prohibition. Alcohol was part of America's culture and its people did not want to stop drinking. Prohibition forced open the country's doors to the most ruthlessly resourceful and crooked entrepreneurs: The Mob. Realizing there was a demand for alcohol, organized crime factions began making their own beer and liquor (booze, bathtub gin). Many oversaw the transportation of illegal liquor from across the Canadian border. Gangs were tolerated in the beginning by the general public because of this service they provided, but they were not ready for the consequences that they provided as well. Gangsters were involved in bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, organized crime, and racketeering. Al Capone, Bonnie and Clyde, and John Dillinger were some of the big names involved in this era. Being a gangster was a very risky job but it provided substantial rewards for a nation dying to spend money and also during a time when jobs were scarce in the middle of a depression (in the 30’s). When Congress passed the eighteenth amendment, alcohol was banned in every way from America. People who were addicted to alcohol and even those who were accustomed to the casual drink still had a demand for it. Many would pay top dollar for booze; they didn’t think obtaining alcohol was morally wrong as it was legal just a few years back. Citizens would hold hush-hush socials and would serve alcohol to all of the company; this was usually done by the wealthy because of the high cost of alcohol. This create opportunities for those prepared to gamble and bootleg illegal alcohol to the country. Accumulating large amounts of money, greed began to grow. They continued to venture into other areas were the general public like to indulge themselves. These gangsters began to open speakeasies, which were like old west taverns with prostitution, g...

Find a story to write about and analyze the story Essay

Find a story to write about and analyze the story - Essay Example What makes the conflict more complicated is the age gap of the major people involved—the adult doctor and the ill child. Apparently, the child has no power to refuse medication; the right to resist is in the hands of her parents. But what happens if there is an element of harm involved? What if the child knows that she will feel pain or get hurt by the medical procedure based on previous experience? Is it still unjustifiable to allow the child to decide for herself? And, most importantly, is the use of force justified in a situation wherein a child with a possible life-threatening illness is uncooperative? It is a common knowledge that doctors are the people to go to in cases of life-threatening illnesses. These doctors avowed to the duty to preserve life. However, this duty has its limitations. The fatally ill patient has the right to resist medication, especially if s/he knows that it will bring him/her pain or harm. But what if the patient does not have the decisional capac ity, like a child? The release for consent goes to the parents or guardians of the child. In the story, the child’s parents obviously permitted medical intervention. However, the mother tried self-medicating her child first, and when her methods did not work, she and her husband decided to call a doctor. This fact alone shows how helpless the situation of the child is, which forcibly places her at the mercy of her parents’ decisions. It is obviously against the child’s will to call the doctor. Even at the very beginning of the incident, the child already showed signs of distress when the doctor arrived: â€Å"the child was fairly eating me up with her cold, steady eyes, and no expression to her face whatever. She did not move and seemed inwardly, quiet†¦. But her face was flushed, she was breathing rapidly, and I realized that she had a high fever† (par. 4). This observation alone may suggest that the child felt frightened seeing the doctor. As the s tory goes on, the resistances of the child becomes stronger. Despite of the reprimands of her parents, she continues to fight back and refuse medication. The child, as a human being, and not as an individual with adequate decisional capacity, is fighting for her right to avoid pain. Obviously, the child associates the image of a doctor with pain. She proves this when she shouts in frustration, â€Å"Don’t, you’re hurting me. Let go of my hands†¦. Stop it! Stop it! You’re killing me!† (par. 25) By firmly resisting, the child affirms her right to avoid pain, and her power to sway the decision of her parents. By showing them that she does not want to be treated medically, and that she is being hurt in the process, she effectively forces her parents to rethink their decision about the matter. Her mother finally said: â€Å"Do you think she can stand it, doctor!† (par. 26) Likewise, her father seems to begin to falter: â€Å"The father tried his b est, and he was a big man but the fact that she was his daughter, his shame at her behavior and his dread of hurting her made him release her just at the critical times†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (par. 23) But the doctor did not waver and insisted that he has to get a throat culture to save her from a possible fatal disease. While the child is fighting for her right to avoid pain, the doctor is strongly fighting for his professional oath—to preserve life. The doctor is trying his best to keep calm because he knows he has to fulfill his

Getting rid of the Federal reserve bank would solve americas problem Essay

Getting rid of the Federal reserve bank would solve americas problem - Essay Example Some Republican presidential aspirants have demonstrated open rejection of the Federal Reserve System. They have sited the US economic crisis as turmoil that emanated from poor policies guiding the Federal Reserve. These politicians seem to use arguments floated by some economists who believe that the Federal Reserve System is a burden to the American people (Meltzer 199). Ideally, presidential politics does not only shape the future of Americans, but also influence the global economic balances. US economy is a central factor in US politics because it influences the taxation programs, international relation, domestic social welfare, and the satisfaction of basic human needs by the American citizens. The US politics in the global scale depend on its economic power. Thus, politics concerning the US economy does not only influence the lives of US citizens, but also the conditions of life in other countries (Wells 2). For instance, the US economic crisis reverberated to international sca le shaking the global economy. The concern of the US political aspirant is to restore faith to the public. Banking regulations influence the flow of currency, which subsequently affect money market. These restrictions influenced banking system in US in early 1900s leading to the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 (Wells 2). The system came into operation in 1914 November. The intention of the Federal Reserve Act was to create an alternative source of bank and currency reserve, which could control panics when money supply in the market increased because of the need to expand business. History records that during the great depression, Federal Reserve failed to discharge its duty. About 9000 banking institutions collapse during that great period (Wells 3). Changes that Fed has developed over time in response to economic challenges has made many observers to believe that, Fed has on

The Rise of China And Its Positive Impact On the Trend In World Essay

The Rise of China And Its Positive Impact On the Trend In World Politics - Essay Example This essay stresses that the global economic framework that exists with 5the principle function of financial supervision was created in 1974 by the G7 nations in which China is a partisan member. The framework is the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) China is able to contribute positively to the trends in world politics through the observation of the various governing rules and standards that dictate its engagement with institutional bodies and other key industrial players. Voluntary standards imposed on minimum capital rules derived from banks aim to correct challenges ND problems of high leveraged loans instabilities occurring in transnational markets between banks, competitive inequality problems and â€Å"race to the bottom† regulatory. This paper makes a conclusion that China has been seen to adopt the Badel Capital Adequacy Accord that is referred to as Basel 1. The G10 countries decide to adopt the principle that required the member states of which China is inclusive to have an 8% holding capital that was measurable of their overall risk-weighted assets. Big global banks challenged the Basel 1 framework and sort for an internal risk model that was going to facilitate the competition that existed among the global industrial players. It therefore led to the formation of a reviewed framework Basel 2 that defined the mechanisms of market self-regulations. However, the new regulation only favored the high economic powe4rs and the developed countries gained less from the rule.

Oceanic Bank International PLC Training Methods and Practice

Oceanic Bank International PLC Training Methods and Practice INTRODUCTION The importance of training in the human resource management efforts of any organisation cannot be overemphasised. That is why training is key to the survival of every human resource strategy of any given organisation. Employee training is becoming a necessity to every organization nowadays as training enables them to carryout roles and responsibilities efficiently and also learn new things, which will prepare them to take up higher responsibilities in the future (Karthikeyan, Karthi Graf 2010). Human relations management training, broadly conceived, is a popular means by which numerous public organizations seek to enhance productivity. Public managers consume prodigious quantities of management training and should be seriously concerned with the effectiveness and success of such intake (Gerald, 1989). Traditionally, training and development was not seen as actively that could help, organizations create value and successfully deal with competitive challenges (Oludairo, 2006). According to Cascio (2003), many organizations both small and large shy away from training their employed because they think that by improving the skills of their workforce, their employees will be more marketable to competitors. And where there are well training programmes, there are poorly implemented, like too much fine wine, may actually impede rather than invigorate a robust organizational health (Gerald, 1989). Operational definitions of key concepts The Concept of Training Trainings focus has broadened in the past few years (Bernadin, 2003). Training used to focus mostly on teaching technical skills, such as training assemblers to solder wires or teachers to device lesson plans. However, technical training like that is no longer sufficient (Oludairo, 2006). In recent time, organization has had to adapt to rapid technological changes, provide quality goods and services, and increase revenue to stay competitive. Improving quality required remedial education training. Similarly, employees today need skills in team building, decision making, and communication as well as technological and computer skills (Oludairo, 2006). According to Fajana (2002), training is the process that involves developing skills and learning concepts, rules or attitudes in order to increase effectiveness on a particular job. Casco (2003) sees training consisting of planned programme designed to improve performance at the individual, group and/or organizational level. Ubeku (1975) in his own contribution, defines management training as the process of developing managers knowledge, skills and attitude through instruction, demonstration, practice, and planned experience to meet the present and future needs of the business. This management training is the same as development or management development. Development refers to the process of teaching managers and professional employees that knowledge, skills needed for present and future task accomplishment. Considering the above definitions, one can conclude that training and development involve the systematic and continuous developing skills, learning concepts, attitudes and knowledge needed by employees to perform effectively and efficiently at work. Oceanic Bank International PLC Oceanic Bank International Plc is regarded as one of banks that brought new revolution in the banking sector to Africa. Incorporated in on March 26, 1990, the bank commenced business on June 12, 1990. The bank has been growing from strength to strength since then. Its shares were listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange on June 25, 2004, having achieved a public liability company status. The bank is second to none in excellent deliveries and world class banking technologies in Africa. According to the banks website, the bank has a strong presence in asset management, commercial banking, health management, insurance, investment banking, pensions, registrar services, savings loans and trustee services, as well as over 370 business offices spread across Nigeria, Cameroun, the Gambia and Sà £o Tomà © Prà ­ncipe, Oceanic Bank is one of the most recognized financial services brands in West Africa. The rational for choosing Oceanic Bank for this essay is hinged on the fact that the author is an insider who has been working with the bank for years and have undergone series of training within the bank. Currently on the banks study leave, the author has unfettered access to the training methods and practices of the organisation and is able to specifically assess and examined the banks training methods and practices as demanded by the question at hand. Brief review of literature Various scholars and researchers have contributed to training especially in the banking sector. Among them is Richards (1997) who posits that during a management trainee programme, the real objective is to focus on the individual manager and not the position in the company. Richard contributed to training needs analysis, vis-a-vis; about core competencies, job profiling and identification of competencies gaps-either against core competencies for individuals or against job profiles for generic roles. Another important work that focuses on training in the banking industry is that of Niki Glaveli and Stella Kufidu (2005). The authors jointly analyzed the changes that took place in the Greek banking industry in three good years. The author also looks at the impact of the changes on the role of employees training and development for strategic implementation and success, using four case studies to investigate the effect of the environmental changes on these particular banks and the role of their training and development strategies in adjusting themselves to the changing industry environment (Glaveli Kufidu 2005). In a more related work to this study, Rainaye (2004) empirically examined the training policy in two commercial banks. The banks are the State Bank of India and Jammu Kashmir Bank Limited. The aim was to study some kind of training styles including Managements attitude towards training, training inputs, quality of training programmes and transfer of training to the job. The study found out that the training scenario is to a large extent satisfactory. The study also evaluates the opinions of the employees of two cadres of both banks and in particular that it can be made fully effective only when the training needs assessment and transfer of training to the job are considerably improved, besides bringing in finer improvements in other dimensions (Rainaye 2004). Badhu and Saxena (1999), in their work titled Role of Training in Developing Human Resources proved that an organization should have well-defined training policy as well as training manual and training should be made an ongoing process. The duo also proved that the executive development programmes have been found to be useful in improving the productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of managers. In their research, Karthikeyan, Karthi Graf evaluated the effectiveness of training in six banks and how training contributes for growth of the banks. The study which carefully focussed on three public sector banks and three private sector banks has core objectives of analyzing the effectiveness of Training in selected banks in Tiruchirappalli District, South India and also to find the association between effectiveness of training and growth and result of banks. Assessing Training Needs Organisations spend over $200 billion annually on employee training and development (Wexley and Latham, 1991). They rely upon this training to help develop employee skills that are critical for success in todays fast-changing, competitive environment (Guthrie and Schwoerer, 1994). There training programs are a dubious investment, however, unless they are based upon a sound training needs assessment TNA (Goldstein, 1993). According to Burton and Thakur (2003), a good training program should identify: (i) the specific skill areas that are to be strengthened as a result of the training; and (ii) the resources that is available to support the training. They posit that an effective training process must begin with a thorough need analysis to clearly identify the learning to be achieved, and it must end with an objective training program evaluation. A comprehensive training needs assessment provides information on organization needs- the organizational units in need of training; task needs- the knowledge and skills trainees must acquire for effective job performance; and person needs-the individuals in need of specific types of training (Wexley and Latham, 1991 Guthrie and Schwoerer, 1994). As shown in the figure below, the first step of training process is the assessing of training needs and providing answers to the following questions: (i)Who needs the training?(ii) Exactly what do they need to know or be able to do? (iii)What do they already know or are now able to do? (Burton and Thakur,2003). The other steps deal with identification of training objective which should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound, implementation of training program, evaluation, and adjustment if necessary. Assess training needs Who need to be trained? What do they need to know? What do they already know? Set training objectives (specific, measurable etc.) Plan training evaluation Did trainees like the training? Can they meet the training objectives? Do they perform better on the job? Develop training program: content, location, methods, trainers, duration Conduct Training Evaluate Training Modify training program based on evaluation Training methods and practices at Oceanic Bank International PLC Oceanic bank places great importance on its training and thats why the bank is known as a workplace where staff can really learn and work at the same time. Training at oceanic bank intl plc has been an important task or function to be completed by the human resources department. Whichever level an employee enters the organization; it is mandatory for such new employee to go through series of training both on- the- job and off- the- job. The Oceanic Leadership Academy The oceanic Leadership Academy is the training school for the bank. It is the first port of call for every new staff of the bank. The new staff members resume rigorous academic studies in the Academy for five weeks where their success is chiefly determined by written and oral examinations. The Academy goes a long way to determine whether a new staff will be retained in the bank or sent packing as staff who failed the short course will be asked to leave the employment of the bank. The Academy has very reach curriculum and work modules, most of which are packaged to deliver the peculiar nature and businesses of the bank. The Oceanic Academy, being the learning arm of the bank is run by the Human Resource department. According to the Banks websites, the department is responsible for all capacity building and training interventions aimed at developing the skills and capabilities of employees, thus improving their competencies on the job, their overall productivity and the competitiveness of Oceanic Bank Group. Induction courses After the graduating from the Academy, the induction processes of the bank follows. Induction training is conducted to newly employed staffs of oceanic bank within the branches of the bank. The programme is intended to improve the financial literacy of participants whilst strengthening their knowledge and competencies. This is carried out both on-the -job and off- the-job which enables the new entry level officers to understand the business and development of skills needed to carry out their job functions required by the organisations standard and practise. A one-week induction course for experienced new hires and a three-day induction course are available to certain grade levels. In addition, desk-to-desk induction is structured specifically for senior management staff. Off-the-job training in Oceanic Bank This is a training programme outside the organization which is encouraged by the bank. The bank usually sponsors and support their staffs for specialised training in various fields especially in the area of the modern day technology, credit and mortgage. Staffs are been sent on training in different training programmes such as (core banking application) finacle training in Indian and other European countries. Such staffs have come back more enlighten and are able to pass done such knowledge to subordinate and co- workers. On-the-job training in Oceanic bank Oceanic bank make most use of on-the-job training by assigning a trainer to the newly employee to put such employee through by learning the practical aspect of the job on-the-job. Job rotation is also an important training method employed by the bank where staff members are been moved from different department to gain more experience and familiarise themselves with all areas of banking, from marketing, credit, operations and application of core banking software. Oceanic bank staff members gain a lot through job rotation as given employees opportunity to work in different department of the bank is helpful. This initiative also helps staff members to move round different department which enable them bring in new ideas to other departments to enhance employee performance. Job rotation of staff also reduces boredom on the job because of diverse task to be carried out by employees. This also enables the staff to understand all the core aspect of banking as well as working with different people and senior managers across the business. Knowledge sharing section: This is a training programme designed by oceanic bank to be conducted by each branch on weekly basis. It is anchored by designated staff of the bank on a rotation basis. The aim is to bridge learning gaps on the operations of the bank. This is done specifically to update each staff of the bank on operations of the bank, the position of the bank, introduction of new products as well as knowledge outside the banking operations Short courses in Oceanic bank The bank periodically organizes Open Courses which cover diverse areas of development including Leadership, Communication, Health and Wellness, Credit Skills, Marketing Skills and Soft Skills. Mostly the bank sends mails to staffs to indicate there interest whenever the organisation organises open courses for staff The bank encourages the staff to register and monitors their progress for professional courses. In line with this the Oceanic Academy partners with various organisations like the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) and the Chartered Institute of Bankers (CIBN) in the area of Continuous Professional Development Programmes. They also encourage personal development of each staffs by allowing staffs to go on study leave for further studies, and opportunity the writer of this essay is currently enjoying. E- learning: This is the bank internet training facilities provided to the employees of the bank for training purpose. There are various materials on this site which employees can read and download to enable them broaden their knowledge on the core banking subjects as well as non-banking related areas of study. Effectiveness of Oceanic Bank Training programmes The oceanic bank training scheme is by far one of the best in the banking sector as attested to by staff of other banks. The programme is well structured in such a way that it makes it easy for every member of staff to undergo it without any stress. This is desirable as it makes the staff to love and appreciate their work. This in turn encourages efficiency and increased productivity. Because staff had gone through certain training processes, they are confident in doing their job and they build up work ego and pride in delivering stated task. Shortcomings of the Oceanic Bank Training programmes While it is good to have a formal training school for staff training like the Oceanic bank leadership academy, it is somewhat unfair to based performance of new staff on classroom examinations, worstill, that those who failed the examination are shown the way out of the employment. This is hinged on the commonly known assertion that examination is never the best way of testing human knowledge. A very good staff that has sound practical knowledge of the banking system might be unable to successfully pass written examination for one reason or the other. For this reason, the mode of determining whoever successfully passed through the academy is put to question. Another shortcoming observed from the Oceanic Bank Training programmes is the management of the delivery of the on-the-job training. More often than not in the department where this author work, the pressure of work and overwhelming customer demands and queries do not allow room for teaching someone else on the job. The implication is that most new staff spend longer than usual in learning new skills while working. Often, those doing the training may have no experience in training, no time to do it, and no desire to participate in it. Under such conditions, learners essentially are on their own, and training likely will not be effective. Another problem is that on-the-job training can disrupt the flow of regular work. Unfortunately, on-the-job training can amount to no training at all in some circumstances, especially if trainers simply abandon the trainees to learn the job alone. Also bad habits or incorrect information from supervisor or manager can be transferred to the trainees. Conclusions and Recommendations for Improvement Owing to the complex nature of jobs in the banking sector, the importance of employee training has increased. In a rapidly changing society, employee training is not only an activity that is desirable but also an activity that an organization must commit resources to, if it is to maintain a viable and knowledgeable workforce Karthikeyan ,Karthi Graf (2010) Because of the enormous advantages of training to an organisation, the amount spent should be seen as an investment rather as a cost to the organisation. Training has been a very formidable part of every organisation. In fact it is a prerequisite for effective employees performance and growth on their jobs. Logically speaking, the higher the quality of training an employee receives, the higher the quality of productivity and vice versa. It must be stressed therefore, that training and development improve quality, customer satisfaction, morale, profitability, business expansion and development i.e. overall organizational productivity. Hence, it gives organizations competitive advantage. This essay recommends an informal approach to accessing staff performance in the training school, vis-avis, the Oceanic Bank Leadership Academy. In this way, emphasis should be laid on assessing the delivery of practical tasks assigned to the new staff rather than just asking them to write written examinations. Also, new staff should not be laid off for failing the written examinations in the academy. It is also recommended that on-the-job training should be more formalise such that pressure and workload would be reduced from the shoulder of the trainer. Such trainer, as a matter of fact, should be allowed concentrate more on the trainee rather than the customers during the period of the induction. It is also advisory that Oceanic bank introduces a kind of personality development programmes such as role play, group discussion and business games. By this, the senior, management and other lower staff can build synergy and the superior and subordinate relationship can be strengthened for the overall productivity of the bank. In General, the Human Resources department should enhance their training programmes in line with latest demands in the banking sector, especially in this age of online bank and sophisticated fraud. This is because every organization that want to survive in this very dynamic world of banking needs to have well-trained and experienced people to perform the activities that have to be done.

Warriors of the Amazon :: Yanomami Tribe

In the Amazon between Venezuela and Brazil, there is a tribe of native people known as the Yanomami. The Yanomami are an ancient people who are relatively unaffected by the civilizations and technology of today. They are a culture of hunting and gathering. The men are warriors that help to defend the tribe from other tribes, hunt for meat, and attack opposing tribes. The women stay home and cook, raise the children. Many people stay in the shibono, or community complex. The children are raised for a rough life, to be warriors. They learn that every injury suffered must be repaid. Men are the powerful gender, with all the rights. The relationships created by having in-laws are the basis for their power. If a favor is granted, it must be returned. A person is always supposed to be loyal to their family connections. A shaman is appointed to be the head of the tribe. Spirituality is a very important, everyday thing. The tribe is constantly at war with demons. There are ritual hallucinogens that are used for contact with spirits and the spirit world. The spirits control events in life which the shaman attempt to harness. The shaman gains the powers of these spirits by going to the spirit world, and he uses these to put curses on enemy shamans and heal tribe members from the vices of demons. Diseases and illnesses are causes by the demons and as such can only be heal by spiritual power. When someone dies their bones are burned and crushed into ash and consumed by the relatives. It puts a persons soul at peace to find a resting place within their family, it would be an abomination to bury them in the ground. Once this ceremony is finished the person is gone. Their name or person is never to be mentioned again. Enemy tribes fight and put curses on each other. To become allies again they must trade and negotiate. Then, the tribes combine together with a large peace celebration. They conduct a dance in ceremonial dress and test each others strength.

Investigating the inverse square law Essay

The intensity of the influence at any given radius, r, is the source strength divided by the area of the sphere. ‘ 1 The inverse square law can also be applied to gravity, electric fields, light and sound. In relation to electric fields, the electric force in Coulomb’s law follows the inverse square law: ‘If gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation and undergo negligible absorption in air, then the intensity, I, should vary inversely as the square of the distance between the source and the detector. 2 Air acts as an almost transparent medium to ? -rays, and the intensity (rate of energy arrival per unit area) of ?-rays emanating from a point source varies inversely as the square of the distance from the source. 3 ?-rays fall into many distinct monoenergetic groups because of their variable energies which emanate from any particular emitter. The least energetic radiation will only pass through very thin foils, whereas the most energetic can penetrate up to several centimetres of lead. 4 As ? -rays tend to produce 10-4 times as many ion-pairs per unit length as ? -particles do, measurements are usually carried out using a Geiger-Mi ller (G-M) tube. 5 G-M tubes are widely used for detecting radiation and ionising particles. The anode is kept at a positive potential and the cathode is earthed. The tube may also have a thin mica end window. 6 When radiation enters the tube, a few electrons and ions are produced in the gas. If the voltage is above the breakdown potential (The minimum reverse voltage to make the diode conduct in reverse)7 of the gas, the number of electrons and ions are greatly multiplied. The electrons are attracted to the anode, and the positive ions move towards the cathode. The current flowing in the high resistance resistor (R) produces a pd which is amplified and passed to a counter which registers the passage of an ionising particle or radiation through the tube. 8 The tube cannot be filled with air as the discharge persists for a short time after the radiation is registered. This is due to electrons being emitted from the cathode by the positive ions which arrive there. Instead, the tube is filled with argon mixed with a halogen vapour which quenches, reduces the intensity, the discharge quickly, ensuring that the registered radiation does not affect the recording of other ionising particles. When the G-M tube is detecting one particle, if another enters the tube it will not be detected. This is known as dead time; the average maximum being approximately 90 microseconds. 9 Because this number is so small, it can justifiably be ignored for this experiment. Background radiation must be taken into account when taking readings from the source. Background radiation primarily comes from cosmic radiation and terrestrial sources. 10 This radiation will affect the count and must be corrected. The level of this radiation varies with location and must be measured before conducting the experiment. N0e-? t so ? = gradient/ N0e-? t Safety Precautions: To ensure the utmost safety before, during and after this experiment, some guidelines should be followed:  Food and drink should not be consumed whilst in the same room as the source Food items should not be stored in the same room as the source. The source should only be handled with long handled source handling tongs, and as little as possible   Hands should be washed thoroughly after contact with the source If in contact with the source for an extended period, it is recommended that a monitoring badge is worn   As the source will radiate in only one direction, it should not be pointed at anyone   The source should be locked away in a lead lined box when not in use   Open wounds should be covered securely. Protective gloves should be warn when handling potentially contaminated items Errors: To reduce the possible errors within the experiment, an optical bench will be used to ensure that the G-M tube and the source are properly aligned throughout, as the source radiates in one direction, the alignment must remain standard. Also, for small distances, specifically the distance d0 which is the distance the source is from the opening of the holder plus the distance of detection from the window in the G-M tube, vernier callipers will be used to hold as much accuracy as possible. Vernier callipers read to fractions of a millimetre, making them much more accurate than other measuring devices. Other distances, such as distance d, can be measured with a metre rule as the distances are larger which decreases the possible error in measuring. There will also be the error of human reaction times from observing the final count and pressing the stopclock. To ensure accuracy, practise using the stop-clock and count switch until reasonably consistent results can be obtained. Preliminary Work: To decide on an appropriate voltage to use, the G-M tube and source set-up should be tested. Place the source approximately 10 cm from the window of the G-M tube and increase the voltage slowly, until the count rate stops changing dramatically. Plot a graph of the count-rate, C, against EHT voltage, V. Record the voltages V1 and V2 between which the rate of counting does not vary too much. If the rate of counting begins to rise after remaining much the same for a range of voltage do not raise the voltage any higher or the tube may suffer damage. 14 The optimum operating voltage will be halfway between the voltage where the plateau begins and the voltage where it ends. To decide on the range of distances used, the source was moved close to the window of the G-M tube and was moved back slowly until the scaler could count adequately (5 cm). This is the smallest distance that will be used. To find the other extreme, the source was moved back until the count rate fell to a low value, but could still provide adequate results (35 cm). From these preliminary results I have decided to time for 10,000 counts at 5 cm from the source, 5000 counts for 10cm from the source, and 1000 for 15 – 30cm. This is because any higher values will take considerably longer to measure. I will take three readings from each, as radioactive decay is a random process and it would be unlikely for more than three readings to be similar. An average will be calculated from the three values and the reading for the background radiation will be subtracted to find the corrected count rate. Equipment: Geiger-Mi ller tube of i sensitive type. Decade scaler with variable EHT supply   Sealed cobalt-60 source – sealed to prevent contact with the source and to prevent isotropic radiation   Long handled source handling tongs – to prevent contact with the source Optical bench with source holder – to ensure constant alignment   Stop-clock, readable to at least two decimal places Vernier callipers – to measure the distance d0 to a higher level of accuracy   Metre rule – to measure the distance d Diagram: Where:   B is the optical bench with source holder, H   G is the Geiger-Mi ller tube   S is the decade scaler with variable EHT supply. R is the sealed radioactive source, cobalt-60 Cobalt-60 will be used as the gamma source as it is easily produced, by exposing natural cobalt to neutrons in a reactor, and therefore easy to acquire. 15 It also produces ? -rays with energies of 1. 17 MeV and 1. 33 MeV. Method: 1. Clamp the G-M tube to one end of the optical bench and attach it to the input socket of the scaler 2. Set the variable EHT voltage on the scaler at a minimum and turn it on, allowing a few minutes for the scaler to warm up 3. Change the variable EHT voltage on the scaler to the value found through preliminary work and set it to count pulses from the G-M tube. 4. Start the stopclock and measure the background radiation for an adequate length of time, e. g. 25 minutes, as background radiation is variable 5. Place the holder containing the ? -source at 5. 0 cm from the window of the G-M tube 6. Start the stopclock and stop after 10,000 counts are registered. Record this value and repeat twice 7. Move the ? -source to 10. 0 cm from the window of the G-M tube and repeat procedure 5, instead only counting 5000 counts 8. Move the ? -source to 15. 0 cm from the window of the G-M tube and repeat procedure 5, instead counting only 1000 counts 9. Repeat procedure 7 for sets of 5. 0 cm until a distance of 30. 0 cm is reached 10. Tabulate these results and find the average count rate for each distance 11. Evaluate 1/(d + do)2 12. Using the recorded value for background radiation, evaluate the corrected count rate for each distance 13. Plot the graph of corrected count rate against 1/(d + do)2 1 http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/Hbase/forces/isq. html 2 Essential Pre-University Physics’ – Whelan & Hodgson, page 953 3 ‘Essential Principles of Physics’ – Whelan & Hodgson, page 472 4 ‘Essential Principles of Physics’ – Whelan & Hodgson, page 472. 5 ‘Essential Principles of Physics’ – Whelan & Hodgson, page 472 6 http://www. imagesco. com/articles/geiger/03. html 7 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Breakdown_voltage 8 ‘Essential Pre-University Physics’ – Whelan & Hodgson, page 406 9 http://www. imagesco. com/articles/geiger/03. html 10 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Background_radiation 11 ‘Advanced Level Practical Physics’ – M Nelkon & JM Ogborn, page 218 12 ‘A Laboratory Manual of Physics’ – F. Tyler, page 269 13 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cobalt 14 ‘Advanced Level Practical Physics’ – M Nelkon & JM Ogborn, page 212 15 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cobalt. Source: http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Geiger-M%C3%BCller_tube The anode is a central thin wire which is insulated from the surrounding cathode cylinder, which is metal or graphite coated.

Captial Punishment

Captial Punishment The justification of capital punishment has been an on going debate for quite sometime. As in the case of any argument theirs two sides too each argument. In this particular argument "society's self defense" essay by Amber Young the opposed battle the idea of capital punishment and think that overall its unjust and falls under cruel and unusual punishment.Amber Young's evaluations on the issue of capital punishment reaches out to everyone and leave a trembling thought in ones mind. The thought or picture left is the number of helpless innocent victims that were brutally killed by Ted Bundy. This picture alone lets one feel no pity or remorse for Ted bundy. This essay clearly refutes the opposed arguments and brings in evidence to support her reasoning. The majority of her arguments are strong though in some of her reason's there could be a stronger persuasive voice in convincing the readers one way or the other.An ad from the Ecologist Green Party in Mexico pro...In examining the dea th penalty, this particular argument is trying to justify the death penalty through the case of Ted Bundy; Young uses good evidence and support giving a particular example of what happened when the death penalty was not in order. Young claims that Bundy had escaped twice from prison. From Bundys escape he was able to rape and murder six innocent victims, not including the previous thirty-two victims. If Bundy was only sentenced to death at least six people's lives could have been saved.(32-33) Young then furthers her reasoning showing the loop holes in the judicial system explaining that if he is not sentenced to death he still has the possible means of either escaping again, or even the possibilities of parole. This appeals to the safety of our people and questions are true safety even if Bundy is behind...

LinkedIn Buzzwords from 2010

LinkedIn Buzzwords from 2010 As a companion piece to my Top 10 Grammar and Spelling Errors from 2010 Id like to share with you LinkedIns list of overused buzzwords in year 2010 LinkedIn profiles.   Is it even possible to avoid using these popular words?   What a challenge for a LinkedIn profile writer! Sometimes words are overused because they work.   Its an ongoing challenge to stay ahead of the curve, and to stay grounded enough in accomplishments and concrete facts that even if these buzzwords appear, they do not come across as trite or cliche. The most overused words varied by country.   Heres the list in the United States: Extensive experience Innovative Motivated Results-oriented Dynamic Proven track record Team player Fast-paced Problem solver Entrepreneurial I challenge you to spot these words in your profile and find other ways to describe yourself and your accomplishments.   And I promise if we work together on your LinkedIn profile, we will find ways to avoid using most if not all of these words.   What a great way to make your profile stand out! Did you make changes to your profile based on this tip?   How did your writing transform?   Please share in the comments section! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 30, 2011 2 Comments Paul Novak says: February 2, 2011 at 3:23 pm Oh no. Oh no no no! No the marketer speak, anything but that! Seriously, that is ONE thing I have avoided like the plague. If I see someone use synergistic one more time Im going to blow an artery. I have found that clients dont care one bit out how well your profile conveys your knowledge of marketing jargon. Once connected and communicating, they want to talk in terms that are easily understood and as casual as possible. They want a human being, not a marketing machine. If anything, Id suggest people simply lighten up and put more of themselves into their profile rather than worry about how they can jazz it up. You CAN be professional and candid at the same time. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: December 19, 2011 at 11:58 pm Love this comment Paul and I dont know how I missed it when you posted in February! YES you can be professional AND candid. I once wrote in a college students resume summary, Plays well with others. She got many interviews. Log in to Reply

Large Animals Rescue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Large Animals Rescue - Research Paper Example yday tasks ensured that their safety and well-being was a priority for humans, which led to the development of large animals rescue procedures from an early age. For example, the first equine ambulance in Massachusetts in 1876 was complete with a crude sling. Today, animals no longer play the part in our lives that they used to. Once one of the most pivotal parts of our work life, the American culture has now categorized them as mere companions. Although still a food source, they no longer hold a central role in our day. This decline led to decreased developments in rescue programs. One of the clearest indications would be the shutting down of Harvard University’s veterinary hospital. They were deemed unnecessary as cars were more readily available. However, that does not mean that animals still do not have some degree of dependence on humans. Even today, situations can arise where human assistance is crucial and today’s methods enable us to carry out a rescue with less risk and more efficiency. Due to the developments in technology, we can shift or even lift the animals. Before these developments, an owner who found himself in a predicament where their horse or other animal required human assistance, like if it was stuck in mud, would be forced to seek out help from friends and neighbors alike in order to get the horse out. Back then, the tools of choice being ropes, winches or tractors, there were chances of injury or even the death to the owner and the animal especially without the training that was required to carry out the rescue. However, such events, though not a common occurrence, are still a possibility today. On the other hand, many owners are more likely to call the police with the conjecture that the authorities will be able to handle the situation effectively. An informal survey by Technical Large Animal Emergency Rescue of law and fire service personnel by the authors uncovered that only a meager 5% have basic knowledge about the handling of

Quantitative Easing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Quantitative Easing - Essay Example Quantitative easing has policies that when well implemented can result to reduction of systematic risks and improve market confidence. Consequently, it can contribute to higher inflation than desired in case policy makers overestimate the amount of easing required (Gibbons, 2011:224). This essay will seek to explain the extent in which the practice of quantitative easing threatens the independence of policymakers. Quantitative easing is another bank bailout. Money created in form of promissory notes or bonds and is available to only those banks that have received the quantitative easing (Biefang-FrisanchoMariscal, and Howells, 2011:98). When the rate of interests is high, there is an alternative method of influencing the price of money circulating in the economy. This alternate solution is quantitative easing whose aim is to lower the rates of interests affecting companies and households where the central bank takes the most important step, QE, by generating new money for use in an e conomy. Therefore, quantitative easing, dubbed printing money, assumes the definition of unconventional monetary policy acquired by the central banks in view of stimulating the economy at times when the conventional monetary policy fails. ... 2012). These unconventional measures had principle element in the United Kingdom whereby, their policy was to purchase assets with finances from the central bank, in short, quantitative easing (Howells and Hussein, 1997:378). Between March 2009 and January 2010, there were more than 200 billion Euros purchases of assets. Overwhelmingly, this amount comprised of government securities that ended up representing 14 percent of the annual Gross Domestic Product (Howells, 2010:314). The motivation and implementation of these central banks’ asset purchase had significant economical impacts and according to the Bank of England, quantitative easing made considerable uncertainty regarding magnitudes of the UK’s financial market (Douglas, 2011). Recently, the growth of broad money slowed dramatically within the economy of the United Kingdom since when recession commenced. Indicators of the recession were in part things like reduced borrowing by households and companies. Presumably , the Bank of England had to practice quantitative easing on behalf of Monetary Policy Committee in order to offset the UK’s economy from this weakness (Joyce, 2010). This practice boosted huge sums of money holdings into the economy. However, it threatened the independence of the policymakers since there is documented evidence from the monetary data depicted that the asset purchase program led to an increase in prices of assets (Biefang-FrisanchoMariscal, and Howells 2011:102). In addition, it ultimately contributed to increase in nominal demand in the UK’s economy making other evidence from other financial markets corroborative (Ellis, 2009:31). In 2009, the Monetary Policy Committee made a stern decision of making the economy of the United Kingdom an elaborate market with